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After upgrading the processor in a laptop, if the computer shuts down unexpectedly, the most logical first step is to ensure that the case fans are properly plugged in. When a processor is upgraded, it often produces more heat, and adequate cooling is essential to prevent the system from overheating. If the fans are not functioning properly or have been overlooked during the upgrade process, the laptop can shut down to protect itself from damage caused by excessive heat. Ensuring that all cooling components are operational is crucial for the stability and longevity of the new processor.

While checking RAM compatibility, resetting BIOS settings, or reinstalling the operating system can be important steps in troubleshooting, they may not address the immediate concern of overheating caused by inadequate cooling, making the verification of fan connections the most pressing action to take initially.