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The term that describes the difference between white and black in an LCD monitor is contrast ratio. Contrast ratio measures the luminance of the brightest white to that of the darkest black a monitor can produce. A higher contrast ratio means that a display can produce deeper blacks alongside brighter whites, leading to a more dynamic and visually appealing image. This is particularly important for tasks requiring color accuracy and detail, such as graphic design, photo editing, and watching movies, where a rich visual experience depends on clear differentiation between light and dark shades.

The other terms do not specifically address the difference between white and black. Resolution refers to the number of pixels displayed on the screen, affecting detail and sharpness rather than contrast. Color depth indicates the number of distinct colors that can be displayed, which relates to color variety rather than the brightness difference. Panel type refers to the technology used in the monitor's construction (such as IPS, TFT, or TN), influencing factors like viewing angles and response times, but not specifically contrast between dark and light.